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Quantum fluctuations in space, science, exploration and other cosmic fields... served up regularly by MSNBC.com science editor Alan Boyle since 2002.

Alan Boyle covers the physical sciences, anthropology, technological innovation and space science and exploration for MSNBC.com. He is a winner of the AAAS Science Journalism Award, the NASW Science-in-Society Award and other honors; a contributor to "A Field Guide for Science Writers"; and a member of the board of the Council for the Advancement of Science Writing.

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Celebrating Pluto's pals

Posted: Monday, January 19, 2009 6:04 PM by Alan Boyle


JHU-APL / NASA
An artist's conception shows NASA's New Horizons probe passing over Pluto in 2015.

Three years ago today, NASA's New Horizons probe set off on a mission for Pluto and other little worlds on the edge of the solar system. On the same day, little Hana and Nora Fennell set off on a mission of their own.

The twin daughters of Alan Fennell and Risha Raven were born on this day in 2006. Since then, New Horizons' managers at Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory have enlisted Hana and Nora - along with four other kids who mark Jan. 19 as their birthday - as "Pluto Pals."

The mission's top scientist, Alan Stern, said the idea came to him when he saw a newspaper picture of two boys watching the New Horizons launch. "It made me think it would be fun to follow some children who would grow up during our 9½-year trip to Pluto," he said.

Hana and Nora's grandfather, Patrick O'Connor III, played a big role in getting the idea off the ground. He recalled watching the launch over the Internet from his office at DeVry University's Chicago campus, and hearing later in the day that his daughter was in labor. O'Connor, who was dean of electronics and computer technology, said in an e-mail message that both of the day's events made a big impression on him:

"Since I am a great fan of spaceflight in all its aspects, a year later, I sent a 'congratulations' to Alan Stern at NASA, noting the anniversary of the launch was, coincidentally, a 35th birthday for a son-in-law, the first birthday for my two twin granddaughters, the birthday of Allen Steele (one of my favorite science fiction writers) and the birthday of Robert E. Lee. Alan Stern wrote back about the 'Pluto Pals' idea, and I let Risha know her twins might be 'mascots' for the New Horizons mission.

"The twins, Hana and Nora, were born in Northern Illinois, about 80 miles from Streator, where [Pluto discoverer] Clyde Tombaugh was born. With the Pluto/Charon system being a double planet, I thought it was fitting that two sets of twins were among the Pluto Pals.

"She submitted their names and I thought their selection was one of the coolest things ever.  They will probably appreciate the 'NASA swag' they were sent when they get a little older, but they're only 3, and New Horizons is in hibernation mode now - not very exciting at the moment.

"By the time of arrival July 14, 2015, at Pluto/Charon, they'll be old enough to appreciate it, I hope."

Fennell and Raven are a husband-and-wife team on the Illinois farm (where they tend a blog as well as livestock), and Raven also serves as the family practitioner in Polo, Ill. (pop. 2,500). It's a busy life, but Fennell said they make sure to take the time to answer their kids' questions about science - whether it has to do with the workings of a tractor battery or the name of a star cluster in the night sky.


Courtesy of Patrick J. O'Connor III
Nora and Hana Fennell were born on the same
day that NASA's New Horizons probe was launched
toward Pluto, in 2006. They'll be 9 years old when
the probe finally reaches the icy world.

"Science is important to us as a family, and teaching opportunities are important. ... There's nothing like that teaching moment. That only comes around one time," Fennell told me.

What to call Pluto serves as another teaching moment: After New Horizons was launched, the International Astronomical Union voted to classify it as a "dwarf planet" rather than a major planet. That vote sparked a controversy that is still working itself out. (More on that next week.)

Hana and Nora aren't in on the debate yet, but other members of their family have been. "I asked their 12-year-old sister what she thought," Raven told me. "She said she's been told that Pluto was not a planet, and she really doesn't understand why."

By the time Hana and Nora celebrate their 10th birthday, we should know a lot more about Pluto and its place in the solar system - thanks to another 10-year-old zooming billions of miles away.


To learn more about New Horizons on its birthday, check out the three-year update on the mission Web site. You can look back at New Horizons' eye-opening Jupiter flyby in 2007, and this handy-dandy dashboard will show you where the spacecraft is from now until at least 2015.

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Comments

Please, teach both sides of the controversy instead of blindly accepting the IAU decree, which was rejected by New Horizons PI Dr. Alan Stern and 300 other professional astronomers in an official petition. Three is not too young to start teaching the planets. Children deserve to hear both sides of this debate and not to just "be told" something because someone in a position of authority says it is so. How about making today Teach Your Kids About Pluto Day?
Scientfic definitions should be based on science, not on emotion or nostalgia.  When Pluto was originally discovered as a 'planet', there was no real definition, and no one had any idea how many objects would be out there and what shape, size or composition they would be.  If Pluto doesn't fit the new definition of a planet, then it's simply not a planet.

Bu that goes both ways.  We should not limit the number of planets to an arbitrarily low number either.  The IAU basically said that Pluto can't be a planet anymore, because with the discovery of other similar bodies, there may be dozens or hundreds or thousands of them out there.  As I said above, definitions should be based on science.  If the definition is 'a body with enough size to form into a sphere', and if that means we have 13 known planets now - then that's what we have and Pluto is a planet.
If Pluto were found orbiting any star other than our own, it would be a planet.
I think the debate in of itself is very informative and encourages good discussions.  For some good food for thought, see Dr. Sykes and Dr. Degrasse Tyson battle it out at

http://gpd.jhuapl.edu/debate/debateStream.php

Looks like I'll have something to look foward to in 2015. Can't wait till we see what Pluto really looks like.
As far as I'm concerned, anything massive enough that it could potentially hold a moon in orbit is a planet. Even though Mercury has none it would still qualify as its mass is greater than that of Pluto, and Pulto manages to hold Charon in its lunar orbit. Eris would also count as a planet.

If there happens to be 13 planets in the Sol System then there will be 13 planets. We should clearly define them based on logical scientific values though like mass.
To Bill Oliver - that isn't true. First of all, we can't detect an object as small as Pluto orbiting another star, and probably won't be able to for at least 10 years if not 20.  

Secondly, if we saw were able to detect an object the size of Pluto around another star, it would not be a planet under the IAU definition unless it had cleared out all of the other objects in its path.  This is the problem with Pluto - it is part of a belt of objects, just as the asteroid belt is a belt of objects as well.  The asteroids were thought of as planets too for quite a while, until others were discovered.  Then they were likewise demoted.  

There is no difference here, except Pluto has a Disney character named after it.  The asteroids don't.  Perhaps if the asteroids had better press 200 years ago, the debate about their status would have gone the other way.  
I know I'm alone in this, but I think there are two and only two consistent ways of identifying what is and is not a planet.

The first is to say that any object large enough to form itself into a sphere is a planet ... in which case, you might eventually wind up with hundreds. And you'd be faced with questions of what constitutes a sphere, and whether something like Europa counts.

The second is to redefine planet to include what we now call Jovian planets, meaning we'd have only four. Everything else, including Earth, is a planetessimal or minor planet or what have you.

It has never made sense to me that you would describe Jovian and terrestrial planets as the same kind of structures, while calling objects like Pluto or Ceres as something entirely different. The line between Earth and Pluto would be completely arbitrary, despite the fact that Earth is far more similar to Pluto than it is to Jupiter. I think the entire classification system is skewed. If you truly want to be scientific, a fundamental rethinking is in order.
To Jon Groubert- Sir, obviously you did not see the word "if" in my posting. If a small, round object with a moon and an atmosphere were to be detected orbiting another star it would be called a planet.
Does it really matter what it's called? If Pluto does not fit the "current" defination of a planet so what. It is still there, still has a name, so is using your time debating what it should be clasified as the best use of time, when there is much more worthwhile things to devote time to.
Pluto has two other "moons" called Hydra and Nix. These were discovered by Hubble.
I am not quite sure why some people think that a great injustice has been done and that Pluto is not a planet because we have a sub-category called "dwarf planets". Would we stop calling Jupiter a planet if it was designated a member of a group of "giant planets", or a "gas giant planet"? Is a dwarf man not a man? Is a dwarf dog somehow a cat?
Actually size does not mean, Earth clear its path where it is now ,but if earth would be at same  distance as pluto, it would not clear it's path , so how it is, can we count our earth as planet.
Ok,let's make it easy. if it does not harbor life, it is not a planet.  That makes 1 planet in the entire known universe, because there would be no one else to ponder this question. I do in fact believe that Pluto has more answers than we have questions. That would, by default, make everyone right! I thank you all.
You're all idiots...Just cause your acronym for remembering all of the planets doesn't work anymore doesn't mean you should cry about it. It's not your decision that Pluto is or isn't a planet! All there is to it is that Pluto is NO LONGER a planet. Now shut up and go cry about something worth argueing over, like Global Warming and what we should do about it.
I absolutely agree, no age is too young to start teaching our kids about space. My son will be 3 in april and he can already tell you all the planets and the constellations. He can even pick them out of pictures. Come on parents, all we have to do is take a little time to sit down and teach our kids.
OK--I'll weigh in--This 'clear its path' thing has bothered me since 2006.  Jupiter got clobbered by comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 about 15 years ago.  Does that mean Jupiter has not cleared its path and is, therefore, not a planet?


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