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Quantum fluctuations in space, science, exploration and other cosmic fields... served up regularly by MSNBC.com science editor Alan Boyle since 2002.

Alan Boyle covers the physical sciences, anthropology, technological innovation and space science and exploration for MSNBC.com. He is a winner of the AAAS Science Journalism Award, the NASW Science-in-Society Award and other honors; a contributor to "A Field Guide for Science Writers"; and a member of the board of the Council for the Advancement of Science Writing.

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The lighter side of Pluto

Posted: Thursday, August 24, 2006 5:55 PM by Alan Boyle

Pluto's not a planet? That may be the verdict for now - but scientists, teachers and the general public will be digesting the International Astronomical Union's definition of planethood for years. Astronomers were quick to raise objections, and the debate over the worlds on the solar system's edge is sure to be revisited. So for now, think of plucky little Pluto's predicament as a classic "teachable moment."

That's how Carl Benoit, editorial director for Illinois-based Learning Resources, sees it. A week ago, the folks at Learning Resources were worrying about how they would rework their teaching aids - including solar system floormats, solar system stamps, their Planet Quest game and inflatable planet sets - to cope with a 12-planet solar system. Now they're wondering what to do about Pluto.

Benoit said the company would review their product line toward the end of the year and decide what needs to be done.

"What I'll recommend is that we'll obviously do the eight planets, and probably do something to label these dwarf planets to make sure everything's correct," he told me. "If I were to say today, would I recommend that? Yes, I would. But from what I'm reading, there could be 120 other dwarf planets."

Even if Pluto isn't on the official list of solar system planets, it may still stay in the educational lineup, Benoit said.

"I think it'd be a good idea to keep Pluto around and explain that this has been a planet for 76 years," he said. "It becomes an educational process, to explain to kids why it was a planet, and now why it's not. ... That's the kind of critical thinking that kids need to be doing when they do science."

That philosophical bent extended even to Patricia Tombaugh, the 93-year-old widow of Clyde Tombaugh, Pluto's discoverer. She told The Associated Press that the IAU's verdict was "disappointing in a way, and confusing."

"I don't know just how you handle it. It kind of sounds like I just lost my job," she told AP from Las Cruces, N.M. "But I understand science is not something that just sits there. It goes on. Clyde finally said before he died, 'It's there. Whatever it is. It is there.'"

She provided yet another aphorism to the Reuters news service: "Clyde would have said, 'Science is a progressive thing, and if you're going to be a scientist and put your neck out, you're apt to have it bitten upon.' He was a good scientist, and he knew how to judge things."

Reuters also gathered reaction from the National Air and Space Museum in Washington. Eleven-year-old Michael O'Sullivan, visiting from Garden City, N.Y., was amazed to hear the news. "Seriously! Pluto is not a planet?" he asked.

After a moment of thinking, he told the reporter: "At least Pluto the dog doesn't have to compete with the planet anymore."

The Disney cartoon canine has often crossed paths with the planet - in fact, the story goes that Walt Disney named the character Pluto to capitalize on the news of Tombaugh's discovery. During the IAU's crucial session, astronomers reportedly waved Pluto plush toys around to demonstrate their solidarity with the onetime planet.

Disney returned the love, according to Reuters: "Pluto is taking this news in stride," Disney Co. spokesman Donn Walker said, "and we have no reason to believe he might bite an astronomer."

If the decision sticks, schoolkids will have one less planet to memorize - but they'll also have to come up with new mnemonics to replace the old standbys, such as "My Very Eager Mother Just Sewed Us New Pajamas." We delved into this burning issue when it looked as if Xena might be added to the list of planets, but you're welcome to revisit the issue, either by submitting your comments here, or adding to the more than 1,000 postings on MSNBC's message board.

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Folks, calm down a bit. We have survived the ideas of Copernicus that evicted us from the center of the universe; we can certainly survive a debate over what to call one of the larger objects on the fringe of the solar system.
all I have to say is GOD put pluto in line with the other planets so why not leave it there.
p.s. it's been a planet all my 76 years so why change it now.

thank you. harvey van vleet
Pluto



What kind of a nefarious plot is this?-poor Pluto-after trying so hard to be accepted by this cold and heartless solar system!-All Pluto wanted was to be treated just like every other planet; he tried to make friends-he would even get real close to Neptune every now and them in an effort to be noticed and accepted-but no-that wasn’t good enough; Venus-who’s always full of hot air-started all this by referring to Pluto in insulting terms such as "planetoid" or even "asteroid". Jupiter and Saturn didn’t help either with their constant bragging about how big they are, and how some of their moons are bigger than poor old Pluto. Pluto even tried to get mercury on side because its size made Pluto feel almost normal. But no way- mercury is always so busy sucking up to Mr. Big (the sun) that it didn’t even notice what was going on. Well, it was inevitable that snobby earth and its egg head astronomers who seem to be in control of all vital statistics around here would eventually be influenced by all the talk; and sure enough the egg heads got together yesterday, punted my little buddy out of the planetary club, and officially re designated poor Pluto as a Dwarf planet-how insulting! How disgusting! It’s enough to make a normal planet or even a normal moon go back to the Oort cloud.

My question is; is there any justice in this solar system?  



Les L Baisi

News Flash:
    Due to enormous emotional duress resulting from crayon-inscribed hate mail, the scientific community has decided to reinstate tradition as a substitute for science. Effective immediately, there are only 4 elements - eart, air, water and fire. The Earth is the center of the universe. In keeping with ancient astrological wisdom, there are only 5 planets - Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn - which orbit the Earth. All others claiming to be planets are new-age imposters. The Earth is stable, immutable, and stationary, and the Sun rotates around it every day. Submerging yourself in water will cause "airs" and possible demonic possession, so stock up on Myrrh and other potent fragrances, and be prepared for pustules. (Sorry.) All animals were created the day after Adam and Eve, and any reference to Cain taking a wife in the Land of Nod are due to a mis-translation of Holy Writ. Political rulers are instilled by God with the Power to Lead, and should not be questioned, and electrons are a fabricarion of Satan-Worsippers. You are NOT reading this on the Web, which does not exist.
I took Astronomy 210 & 211 in 1965 at NMSU from Clyde Tombaugh.  Through my 20 year old eyes he looked 100, although he was then 1 year younger than I am now.
I believe that if he were alive and still working now, he would take the decision very philosophically and continue his work unaffected.
Here are a couple vignettes about him not in the news.  I firmly believe he had a universal joint in his elbow.  He'd go to the blackboard and draw a perfect circle in one sweeping motion.  He told us he'd go a full week without reading a newspaper and then work through them.  He said his wife would ask why he bothered to read a week old paper, to which he would reply "I look at light every night that is millions of years old".
So what exactly constitutes an “orbital neighborhood” in need of clearing?  Is it proportional to the size of the planet and its distance from the sun, for example?  One can also ask why call it a dwarf planet and not a proto planet if this is really what they are trying to imply?  

With an estimated trillion bodies (1 meter +) in the solar system, I don't see how ultimately labeling 500~ of them as planets will blur our understanding between what is merely debris and what are worlds and cause so much confusion.  Thus, why put forth such a deliberate, obvious, and even ambiguous attempt to keep this exclusive club free of newcomers?   It is as if they wish to explain away these objects as "too numerous to understand."  Rather than see the grandness of our solar system, these bodies will be lumped in with other 1m-wide ice balls and promptly forgotten like Ceres was.

To me, too many ambiguities remain to accept this face value.  They’ve dropped the ball!
Jupiter should be classified as a brown dwarf not a planet...total is now 7.
God? Astrology?  I thought we were talking about science here... "Setting science back 100 yrs." ?? Really? We are set back 100 yrs because Pluto has been demoted from a planet status. That would mean then, that we don't even know about Pluto, right? After all it was discovered within this "100 year" setback. I bet alot of you IAU haters and oppenents if the IAU decision would have made a comparable argument during the times of Pythagoras and Copernicus. You would have been the ones arguing, "No, we ARE the center of the universe!"; And "No, the world IS flat!" ; And "God, put us at the center we should stay there" ; And "Earth has been at the center of the universe my whole life."

Now that's what I call going backwards!
Bottom line, science changes--therefore get used to it.  My question, is why they didn't add a provision about the ecliptic? That would leave Pluto out, but, correct me if I'm wrong, keep the other 8?  And, I'm sorry, but a worldwide vote is just stupid.  Just like most of the world! *rimshot* Why should someone who has spent their whole life learning how to shoot things, drink beer and expectorate masterfully have the same power of vote on this as someone who has spent more years in college than they ever could dream of LEARNING these things is rediculous.

And, finally, after that huge run-on sentence, I'm done. Bye!
Heath Elliott:  Pluto has an atmosphere, it's just not in a gaseous state all the time.

Bianca:  Change is NOT always good.  Change can be good, change can be bad or change can be good for some people, but not for others.  Remember new Coke?  Not exactly a good change.

Bill D.:  If Neptune's orbit has been cleared, then so has Pluto's.

Valdis Kletnieks:  The definition as adopted states that the object has to clear its orbit (or the equivalent words) but does not say by how much.  This is one of many reasons why the definition is essentially no good--too vague.  I'd be willing to bet that Pluto has just as clear a path around the sun as any of the other eight planets.

Chris Eldridge:  Good point about the size of the neighborhood.  That is not specified in the definition, either.  So just how big is it?  Apparently the IAU thinks it is at least 17 A.U. big because that's as close as Pluto gets to Neptune (Pluto actually comes closer to Uranus--11 A.U.).  Remember, they are using Pluto's "crossing" Neptune's orbit as the reason it should be demoted.  That's 93 million miles times 17.  If the neighborhood is at least 17 A.U., then every planet is disqualified.  Look at how close Mars and Venus get to the Earth.  Also remember, the definition does NOT say that an object cannot "cross" the path of a planet.

I do not object to Pluto being reclassified.  I don't like the proposal adopted by the IAU because it is flawed and too vague.

This proposed solution is (while not perfect) simpler and much less vague and more definitive than the one the IAU adopted.

Two separate categories of planets:  major planets and minor planets.  Asteroids will no longer be called minor planets, just asteroids.  Major planets:  orbit the sun, are round and are above an established size limit.  Minor planets:  orbit the sun, are round and are below an established size limit.  No doubt there would be months of arguing and debate on what the size limit would be, but this proposal would be much more clear cut and much less vague.  It may not be perfect, but it's at least as good as the one the IAU has adopted.
On another blog someone suggested a planet is a roundish body that does not orbit another planet.  This would allow free-floating planets (and Charon) to become, well... planets, too!  

R.Owen, I wouldn't mind a classification of minor and major (or gas, terrestrial, and icy) if indeed all roundish bodies made the grade as "planets," not just Plutons or dwarfs.    

When I think of proto-planets (which is sort of what the IAU is trying to suggest here by saying in-mature planet unable to clear its orbit), I think of bodies that are hit so often that their surface still has not solidified.  Not sure what a Jovian proto planet would be, but I guess that once you reach the gas giant stage you become a planet even if you were still getting hit a lot.  

I’m personally surprised at the number of people sticking up for the new definition.  Tell me, if this new def. is so intuitive and so irreproachable, why wasn’t this very same criterion about “clearing an orbit” raised much more vocally a week earlier when the first definition came out?  I heard every imaginable argument as to what a planet should be the week prior and yet only one person mentioned the need to clear an orbit as a possible criterion.
Where is it said that Pluto has not cleared it's orbit.  We can hardly see the planet and it's moons let alone anything else that may or may not be in or crossing its orbit.  Same goes for objects in Neptune's orbit.  Others have reaidly shown that Pluto and Neptune do not get in eachother's way.
does anyone of importance really care what the inconsquential inhabitants of the third rock orbiting an obscure star think about anything?
With this planetary debacle in place, IAU needs to clearly define not only the terminology of a planet but also comet, asteroid, satellite (moon), cosmic debris, and stars a little more clearly so there is a clear boundary of how these univeral objects fit in our realm of space and time.
I can understand downgrading Pluto from Planet status, but could someone please explain to me why Paris Hilton is a Star ????
It's better to add than to subtract. So what if there are hundreds of dwarf planets hanging around in our solar system. The more the merrier! Pluto stays and if they discover more like it then feel free to add some more to the list. Big Deal.
Will Disney declare Pluto not a real cartoon character?
Pluto is a Planet! I have learned that Pluto is a planet all my life, I wont let this fact change! Pluto IS a planet!

I think these people really need to study Pluto more before they say such things.

Kids would be furious about this, it's just not right to change a fact so quickly. I would know, being a child myself, I understand.
O.K. folks, fairs fair. Since Plutos no longer a planet, neither is Neptune (it has two dwarf planets obstructing its orbit). So when will this oversight be corrected? When enough members of the IAU with a vendeta againts Neptune get together to vote it out of the planetary line-up, like when they did it to Pluto.
I love pluto! it is my life!!!
It is going to make me feel extremely old when I have to tell my kids, "When I was your age, there were NINE planets."
Thanks a lot IAU!  The biggest reason i became interested in astronomy so many years ago was because of mysterious, little, odd-ball Pluto (and i'm probably not the only one)! Now they took my favorite planet away from me!  And to add insult to injury, they made the planet criteria even more confusing!  These egghead scientists...why is Pluto not a planet(when it meets the most important planet criterias) while Europe and Asia are considered seperate continents (Is it because of history, culture and tradition that those 2 landmasses are considered seperate continents? Because if that's the case than Pluto should be still be considered a planet as well)!?...next thing you know those 424 IAU members who voted Pluto out will decide on renaming Uranus to something more suitable to them, like..."Theiranuses" thus reducing the planet count to 7! 

  I say let's send them all on a one way trip to still-relatively-unknown Pluto so they can get a closer look and really decide whether this distant snowball, some 1,430 miles in diameter LARGE (and with THREE moons, an atmosphere -albeit a tenuous one -as far as we know) should retain its lost planet status!
Why is Pluto not a Planet? Why does the term planet have to be so technical? Why are those IAU members so cold hearted? Why does this issue have to be based solely on science? Why are gas prices so high? Why did the chicken cross the road?...and lastly, why does everything have to be so confusing????...as in everything else these days, let's blame all this on Bush!
Who said that it is not a planet anymore???
I think that Pluto has the right to be a planet. I mean, before the AIU thing said that its not, everyone knew that it was and was never going against it. Now just because a couple people decided that it isn't a planet because its small, doesnt mean anything!
"The IAU is a governing body of experts. They are highly educated and they make decisions based on sound and logical reasoning...   We have to respect that their decisions were made for sound reasons even though the media often doesn't report the entirety of the stories."

In the case of the Pluto vote, this statement is simply incorrect.  424 out of 10,000 IAU members voted on the last day of a 10-day conference in a move that was far more political than scientific. Most of those who voted are not planetary scientists and therefore, not experts in this area but in other fields of astronomy.  They deliberately held the vote once most of the attendees had gone home in such a surreptitious process that Pluto expert Dr. Alan Stern describes that vote as having been "hijacked" by a small minority of IAU members with their own agenda. No email voting was allowed; the only astronomers who had a say were those in the room. Almost immediately, 300+ planetary scientists signed a petition saying they will not use the new planet definition.  What about these experts?  The reality is that the decision was not made for sound reasons; the new planet definition is sloppy and was created solely to exclude Pluto.  I do not believe the decision will stand, and I applaud those who don't blindly follow it just because a group of so-called experts made a ruling.  And I am proudly teaching my nephews that Pluto is a planet, as is Eris, and will refute anything they are taught in school saying otherwise.
in my opinion we cannot deny the sayings of our grand fathers.Infact they calculated the nine planets with heir naked eyes itself.why pluto also came in their mind.their are many stories and poems also. we should have to think a lot.


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